Journal of Human Resource Management

Journal of Human Resource Management

Identifying the Antecedents and Outcomes of Workplace Spirituality: A Systematic Review of the International Literature

Authors
Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/jhrs.2026.247994
Abstract
Background & Purpose: In recent years, workplace spirituality has garnered significant attention as a pivotal factor in fostering psychological well-being and enhancing human capital. By reinforcing a sense of meaning and belonging, this approach provides a foundation for flourishing individual capabilities and cultivating a positive environment. Consequently, this study was designed and conducted to identify, aggregate, synthesize, classify, and elucidate the factors influencing the development of workplace spirituality and its subsequent outcomes.
Methodology: Framed within an interpretive paradigm and employing a qualitative-inductive approach through a systematic review methodology, the research analyzed 46 reputable scientific articles indexed in international databases between 2000 and 2024, selected after applying screening criteria. The content of the final sample was analyzed using thematic analysis.
Findings: The antecedents of workplace spirituality are classified at two levels: individual (including self-concept, personal identity, spiritual growth, mindfulness practices, and motivation) and organizational (encompassing a supportive work environment, collaborative learning, spirituality-oriented culture, inspirational leadership, and HR support). The outcomes were categorized into four levels: individual (such as well-being, performance, commitment, creativity, and psychological empowerment), interpersonal (including improved relationships, team productivity, and organizational citizenship behaviors), organizational (involving excellence, ethical culture, and strategic advantage), and extra-organizational (comprising reputation, social responsibility, and customer experience).
Conclusion: The diverse outcomes necessitate managerial focus on cultivating this valuable asset, where enhancing the identified antecedents can improve the effectiveness of such efforts. This study consolidates scattered international literature to provide a comprehensive and integrated knowledge base in this field.
Keywords

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