Journal of Human Resource Management

Journal of Human Resource Management

Designing a Conceptual Framework for the Soft Components of Digital Transformation Using Thematic Analysis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Yasaman Modaresi 1
Mir Ali Seyed Naghavi 2
Habib Roodsaz 3
Iman Raeesi Vanani 4
1 PhD Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate Professor of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/jhrs.2023.172970
Abstract
Background & Purpose: Today, the digital revolution has fundamentally changed the nature of work, organizational boundaries, and the responsibilities of employees of organizations. Digital transformation is the right answer to a world full of change, ambiguity, and uncertainty; Accordingly, the organizations are required to be equipped with digital transformation to keep staying in the field of competition. Since digital transformation is not only related to new digital technologies and is more dependent on human beings, which is called the soft part of digital transformation, managers should be familiar with the soft components of digital transformation, which are necessary for the implementation of a great digital transformation and apply them in their organizations. Thus, the aim of the current research is to identify the soft components of digital transformation, and then design a conceptual framework to explain them.
Methodology: This research was qualitative conducted using thematic analysis. The research source of information was made up of databases and qualified international journals in this field, and 43 participants related to the subject under study were selected using the purposeful sampling method.
Findings: During the process of analyzing, interpreting, and synthesizing the findings, the conceptual framework resulting from the soft components of digital transformation includes the comprehensive theme of culture with 12 organizing themes and 50 basic themes; The comprehensive theme of skills has 4 organizing themes and 31 basic themes; Also, the overarching theme of the organization manager has 3 organizing themes and 24 basic themes, and finally the inclusive theme of digital leadership has 2 organizing themes and 12 basic themes.
Conclusion: The identified soft components of digital transformation indicate that for success in digital transformation, organizations rely on the management of the organization as the one who steers the ship of the organization, and it is also the digital leader who inspires the passion for digital transformation. It creates in people and becomes the pioneer and driver of this transformation in the organization, and by creating a suitable culture, it paves the way for digital transformation. All of these factors are fruitful along with people and their skills; Therefore, an organization that is equipped with all these soft components can claim success in the field of digital transformation.
Keywords
Digital transformation
Soft components of digital transformation
Conceptual framework
Theme analysis
Theme network

  1. Abedi Jafari, H., Taslimi, M.S., Faqihi, A. & Sheikhzadeh, M. (2011). Thematic analysis and network of themes: a simple and useful method for interpreting models in qualitative data. Andisheh Journal of Strategic Managers, 5(2), 151-198. (in Persian)

    Albukhitan, S. (2020). Developing Digital Transformation Strategy for Manufacturing Author links open overlay panel. Procedia Computer Science, (170), 664-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.173.

    AlNuaimi, B.K., Singh, S.K., Ren, S. (2022). Mastering digital transformation: The nexus between leadership, agility, and digital strategy. Elsevier Journal of Business Research, 145, 636–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.038.

    Alvarenga, A., Matos, F., Godina, R. (2020). Digital Transformation and Knowledge Management in the Public Sector. Sustainability, 12, 5824. doi:10.3390/su12145824.

    Ancarani, A. & Di Mauro, C. (2018). Successful digital transformations need a focus on the individual. In Digitalisierung im Einkauf, Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. 11-26. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321538782.

    Appio, F., Frattini, F., Messeni Petruzzelli, A. (2021). Digital Transformation and Innovation Management: A Synthesis of Existing Research and an Agenda for Future Studies. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 38(1), 4-20. DOI: 10.1111/jpim.12562.

    Babashahi, J., Arabi, M. and Shafi'i, M. (2019). Designing a competency model for digital marketing managers with thematic analysis method. New Marketing Research, 10(39), 127-150. (in Persian)

    Bayat, N., Zakari, M. & Asadi, I. (2021). Effect of organizational trust on knowledge commercialization in knowledge-based companies. Quarterly Journal of Public Policy in Management, 12(3), 65-80. (in Persian)

    Baziar, M. & Forozan, Sh. (2019). Investigating the main areas of digital transformation for the success of businesses in the digital economy. The International Conference on Advances in Management, Business, Economics and Finance. https://civilica.com/doc/907992/
     (in Persian).

    Berges, R. P., & Kon, F. (2019). We want change, but who’s we? How to transition cultural change in the digital era as a team. Strategic HR Review, 18(5), 210-214. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-07-2019-0054.

    Bikse, V., Lusena-Ezera, I., Rivza, P., Rivza, B. (2021). The Development of Digital Transformation and Relevant Competencies for Employees in the Context of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latvia. Sustainability 13, 9233.https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169233.

    Blanka, Ch., Krumay, B. & Rueckel, D. (2022). The interplay of digital transformation and employee competency: A design science approach. Elsevier, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 178, 121575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121575.

    Boston Consulting Group (BCG) (2021). How to Drive a Digital Transformation: Culture Is Key. Retrieved from: https://www.bcg.com/capabilities/digital-technology-data/digital- transformation/how-to-drive-digital-culture (02.02.2021).

    Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.

    Brunetti, F., Matt, D. T., Bonfanti, A., De Longhi, A., Pedrini, G., & Orzes, G. (2020). Digital transformation challenges: strategies emerging from a multi-stakeholder approach. The TQM Journal, 8(5), 221-238.

    Burchardt, C., & Maisch, B. (2019). Digitalization needs a cultural change–examples of applying Agility and Open Innovation to drive the digital transformation. Procedia CIRP, 84, 112-117.

    Cichosz, M., Wallenburg, C. M., and Knemeyer, A. M. (2020). Digital transformation at logistics service providers: barriers, success factors and leading practices. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 31(2), 209–238.

    Çubukcu, C. & Akturk, C. (2020). Digital Transformation To University 4.0: A Roadmap. Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, 25(3), 1391-1408.

    D’Ambra, J., Akter, Sh., & Mariani, M. (2022). Digital transformation of higher education in Australia: Understanding affordance dynamics in E-Textbook engagement and use. Journal of Business Research, 149, 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.05.048.

    Datta, P. , Walker, L. & Amarilli, F. (2020). Digital transformation: Learning from Italy’s public administration. Journal of Information Technology Teaching Cases (JITTC), 10(2), 54-71.

    De Bem Machado, A., Secinaro, S., Calandra, D. (2021). Knowledge management and digital transformation for Industry 4.0: a structured literature review. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, DOI:10.1080/14778238.2021.2015261.

    Deja, D., Rak, D.&  Bell, B. (2021). Digital transformation readiness: perspectives on academia and library outcomes in information literacy. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47, 102403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2021.102403.

    Demir, O. (2019). Digital skills, organizational behavior and transformation of human resources. Institute of Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge, 8(20).

    Do, T.D., Pham, H.A.T., Thalassinos, E.I. & Le, H.A. (2022). The Impact of Digital Transformation on Performance: Evidence from Vietnamese Commercial Banks. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(1), 15-21. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15010021.

    Ebbrecht-Hartmann, T. (2020). Commemorating from a distance: the digital transformation of Holocaust memory in times of COVID-19. Media, Culture & Society, 1–18.

    Ellström, D., Holtstrom, J., Berg, E. (2021). Dynamic capabilities for digital transformation. Journal of Strategy and Management ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). DOI:10.1108/JSMA-04-2021-0089.

    Esfijani, A., Bakhtiar Nasrabadi, H.A. & Bakhtiar, A. (2018). Development of the model of digital transformation in the insurance industry. Proceedings of the 25th National Conference on Insurance and Development, 1-16. (in Persian)

    Facchini, F., Digiesi, S., Rodrigues Pinto, L. F. (2022). Implementation of I4.0 technologies in production systems: opportunities and limits in the digital transformation. Procedia Computer Science, 200,  1705–1714. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

    Fonseca, D., García-Peñalvo, F. J., & Camba, J. D. (2021). New methods and technologies for enhancing usabil‏ity and accessibility of educational data, Universal Access in the Information Society. 20(3), 421-427. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10209-020-00765-0

    Gheder, Y., Shami-Zanjani, M. (2020). Conceptualization of employees' digital experience, Strategic review of human resources, 19(3), 131-135. (in Persian)

    Gillpatrick, T. (2020). Innovation and the Digital Transformation of Education. The Journal of Limitless Education and Research, 5(3), 194-202. DOI: 10.29250/sead.797372.

    Gonçalves, D., Bergquista, M., Alängeb, S. (2022). How Digital Tools Align with Organizational Agility and Strengthen Digital Innovation in Automotive Startups. Procedia Computer Science, 196, 107–116. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

    Gong, C. & Ribiere, V. (2021). Developing a unified definition of digital transformation, Technovation, 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2020.102217

    Gulati, R. & Reaiche, C. H. (2020). Soft Skills: A Key Driver for Digital Transformation, ICDS 2020: The Fourteenth International Conference on Digital Society, 40-43, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346171713.

    Hadjielias, E., Dada, O., Discua Cruz, A. , Zekas, S. (2021). How do digital innovation teams function? Understanding the team cognition-process nexus within the context of digital transformation. Journal of Business Research, 122 , 373–386.

    Hallin, A., Lindell, E., Jonsson, B., & Uhlin, A. (2022). Digital transformation and power relations. Interpretative repertoires of digitalization in the Swedish steel industry. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 38, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2021.101183.

    Hämäläinen, M. (2020). A Framework for a Smart City Design:Digital Transformation in the Helsinki Smart City, In V. Ratten (Ed.), Entrepreneurship and the Community : A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Creativity, Social Challenges, and Business, 63-86, Springer. Contributions to Management Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23604-5_5.

    Hassan Zadeh, M. (2020). Effective digital transformation and the necessity of convergence between the fields involved in knowledge management. Information Management Sciences and Techniques, 6(2), 7-16. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22091/stim.2000.1640. (in Persian)

    Henriette, E., Feki, M., & Boughzala, I. (2016). Digital Transformation Challenges, In MCIS (p. 33).

    Hie, B. P. (2019). Impact of Transforming Organizational Culture and Digital Transformation Governance toward Digital Maturity in Indonesian Banks. International Review of Management and Marketing, 9(6), 51–57.

    Hinterhuber, A. & Nilles, M. (2021). Digital transformation, the Holy Grail and the disruption of business models, Business Horizons, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.042.

    Hollenstein, L., Thurnheer, S., & Vogt, F. (2022). Problem Solving and Digital Transformation: Acquiring Skills through Pretend Play in Kindergarten, Educ. Sci. 12, 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci 12020092.

    Ifenthaler, D., Egloffstein, M. (2020). Development and Implementation of a Maturity Model of Digital Transformation, TechTrends, 64,  302–309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00457-4.

    Iivari, N., Sharma, S., Ventä-Olkkonen, L. (2020). Digital transformation of everyday life – How COVID-19 pandemic transformed the basic education of the young generation and why information management research should care? International Journal of Information Management, (55), 102183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102183.

    Maran, K.T., Liegl, S., Davila, A. (2022). Who fits into the digital workplace? Mapping digital self-efficacy and agility onto psychological traits. Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 175, 121352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.121352.

    Kamel, Sh. (2021). The Role of Digital Transformation in Development in Egypt. Journal of Internet and e-Business Studies, DOI: 10.5171/2021.911090.

    Kashif, H. (2021). Analysis of the technological role of organizational transparency for the purpose of organizational trust of managers of Islamic Azad University of Mazandaran province. Quarterly Journal of Information and Communication Technology in Educational Sciences, 12(2), 69-88. (in Persian)

    Kerroum, K., Khiat, A. & Bahnasse, A. (2020).  The proposal of an agile model for the digital transformation of the University Hassan II of Casablanca 4.0. The 15th International Conference on Future Networks and Communications (FNC), August 9-12.

    Khaleqkhah, A., Najafi, H. (2018). Extracting the components of the soft skills of educational managers using a mixed exploratory method (designing a measurement tool). Scientific-Research Quarterly of New Approach in Educational Management, 9(1), 44-35. http://jedu.miau.ac.ir 25. (in Persian)

    Kıyıklık, A., Kusakcı, A. C., Mbowe, B. (2022). A digital transformation maturity model for the airline industry with a self-assessment tool. Decision Analytics Journal, 3, 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dajour.2022.100055.

    Konopik, J., Jahn, CH., Schuster, T., Hoßbach, N. (2022). Mastering the digital transformation through organizational capabilities: A conceptual framework. Digital Business, 1-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.digbus.2021.100019.

    Krehl, E.H. (2022). The human side of digital transformation. Thesis for: Doctoral Advisor: Marion Büttgen.

    Lahiri, A., Pahnke, E. C., Howard, M. D., & Boeker, W. (2019). Collaboration and informal hierarchy in innovation teams: Product introductions in entrepreneurial ventures. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 13(3), 326–358. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1331.

    Larson, L., & DeChurch, L. A. (2020). Leading teams in the digital age: Four perspectives on technology and what they mean for leading teams. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1), 101377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101377.

    Legzian, M. & Islamkhah, M. (2018). Challenges facing digital transformation and its research trends. The second national conference on organizational architecture developments, November 23 and 24, 2017, Faculty of Computer Engineering and Technology, Shiraz University of Technology, 109-114. (in Persian)

    Lewnes, A. (2020). Commentary: The Future of Marketing Is Agile. Journal of Marketing, 85(1), 64-67.

    Lianto, B., Dachyar, M. & Soemardi, T. P. (2018). Continuous innovation: A literature review and future perspective. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 8(3), 771. Doi:10.18517/ijaseit.8.3.4359.

    1. Barrutia, J. & Echebarria, C. (2021). Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on public managers’ attitudes toward digital transformation. Technology in Society, 67, 101776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2021.101776.

    Mahmood, F., Zahid Khan, A., & Bashir Khan, M. (2019). Digital organizational transformation issues, challenges and impact: A systematic literature review of a decade. Abasyn Journal of Social Sciences, 12(2). DOI: 10.34091/AJSS.12.2.03.

    Martínez-Caro, E., Cegarra-Navarro, J. G., & Alfonso-Ruiz, F. J. (2020). Digital technologies and firm performance: The role of digital organisational culture. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 154(C).

    Marx, S., Flynn, S., Kylänen, M. (2021). Digital transformation in tourism: Modes for continuing professional development in a virtual community of practice. Project Leadership and Society, 2, 100034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2021.100034.

    Metawa, N., Elhoseny, M. and Mutawea, M. (2021). The role of information systems for digital transformation in the private sector: a review of Egyptian SMEs. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-01-2021-0037.

    Mitroulis, D. & Kitsios, F. (2019). Digital transformation strategy: a literature review. Proceedings of the 6th Student Conference of the Hellenic Society Of Business Research, Xanthi, 59-61.

    Mohammad Abd-Rabo, A. & Adnan Hashaikeh, Sh. (2021). The Digital Transformation Revolution. International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research, 3(4), 124-128. DOI: 10.47832/2757-5403.4-3.11.

    Mortazavi Anari, S. (2018). Soft skills for success in business. The first specialized monthly magazine of electrical engineering, 91, 48-47. (in Persian)

    Nabovati, A., Shami-Zanjani, M., Gholipour, A. (2019). Conceptualization of the digital work environment in organizations, the specialized quarterly of the country's administrative and employment organization. Administrative transformation, 6(60), 34-47. (in Persian)

    Nadeem, A., Abedin, B., Cerpa, N., & Chew, E. (2018). Digital transformation & digital business strategy in electronic commerce-the role of organizational capabilities. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 13(2), 1-8.

    Nadkarni, S., & Prügl, R. (2021). Digital transformation: A review, synthesis and opportunities for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 71(2), 233–341. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s11301-020-00185-7.

    Nalbantoğlu, C.B. (2021). Reflections of Digital Transformation on Organizational Culture. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 23(40), 193-207.

    Noori, M., Shah Hosseini, M.A., Shami-Zanjani, M. (2019). Designing a conceptual framework for leading digital transformation in Iranian organizations. Management and planning in educational systems, 12(2), 242-211. (in Persian)

    Papa, A., Santoro, G., Tirabeni, L., & Monge, F. (2018). Social media as tool for facilitating knowledge creation and innovation in small and medium enterprises. Baltic Journal of Management, 13(3), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-04-2017-0125.

    Pedersen, C.L. (2022). Cracking the Culture Code for Successful Digital Transformation. MIT Sloan Management Review, https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/cracking-the-culture-code-for-successful-digital-transformation/.

    Peng, Y. & Taob, Ch. (2022). Can digital transformation promote enterprise performance?-From the perspective of public policy and innovation. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7, 100198. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

    Porfírio, A.J., Carrilho, T., Felício, J. A., Jardim, J. (2021(. Leadership characteristics and digital transformation. Journal of Business Research, 124, 610–619.

     Rabinovich, P. D., Zavedenskiy, K.E., Kushnir, M. E. (2020). Digital transformation of education: From changing funds to developing activities. Informatics and Education, 5(314). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342710653.

    Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C. (2018). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, https://www.researchgate. net/publication/326877023.

    Rajab Zadeh Qatari, A., Asdamarji, E. & Mohammadian, A. (2020). Presenting the maturity of the digital transformation capability using the hybrid method: the case study of pharmaceutical companies, Information Management, 5(2), 49-69. (in Persian)

    Reis, J., Amorim, M., Melão, N. (2018). Digital Transformation: A Literature Review and Guidelines for Future Research. In: Rocha, Á., Adeli, H., Reis, L.P., Costanzo, S. (eds) Trends and Advances in Information Systems and Technologies. WorldCIST'18 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 745. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77703-0_41

    Riemann, T., Kreb, A., Roth, L. (2020). Agile Implementation of Virtual Reality in Learning Factories, Elsevier, Procedia Manufacturing, 45, 1-6. From https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2020.04.029.

    Rodríguez-Abitia, G. & Bribiesca-Correa, G. (2021). Assessing Digital Transformation in Universities, Future Internet, 13(52). https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13020052.

    Rof, A., Bikfalvi, A. & Marquès, P. (2020). Digital transformation for business model innovation in higher education: Overcoming the tensions, Sustainability, 12, 4980.

    Rospigliosi, P.A. (2020). Digital transformation of education: can an online university function fully? Interactive Learning Environments, 28(8), 945-947. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10494820.2020.1843240.

    S.Singh, U., Singh, N., Gulati, K. (2022). A study on the revolution of consumer relationships as a combination of human interactions and digital transformations. Materials Today: Proceedings, 51, 460-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.578.

    Saarikko, T., Westergren, U. H. & Blomquist, T. (2020). Digital transformation: Five recommendations for the digitally conscious firm. Business Horizons, 63(6), 825-839.

    Salehipour Bavarsad, S., Kazempourian, S. (2021). A new roadmap for the realization of digital transformation. Science and Technology Policy Quarterly, 11(1), 5-16. (in Persian)

    Santoro, G., Vrontis, D., Thrassou, A., & Dezi, L. (2018). The Internet of Things: Building a knowledge management system for open innovation and knowledge management capacity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.02.034.

    Savić, D. (2020). Digital transformation and grey literature professionals, Grey Journal, 16, 11-17.

    Schneider, S. & Kokshagina, O. (2021). Digital transformation: What we have learned (thus far) and what is next, WILEY, 30(2), 384-411. DOI: 10.1111/caim.12414.

    Schwaferts, D. & Baldi, S. (2018). Digital Transformation Management and Digital Business Development. In Business Information Systems and Technology 4.0, 147-159.

    Scupola, A. & Mergel, I. (2022). Co-production in digital transformation of public administration and public value creation: The case of Denmark. Government Information Quarterly, 39, 101650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101650.

    Seijts, G. H. & Gandz, J. (2018). Transformational change and leader character. Business Horizons, 61(2), 239-249.

    Shaughnessy, H. (2018). Creating digital transformation: strategies and steps. Strategy & Leadership, 46(2), 19-25. DOI:10.1108/SL-12-2017-0126.

    Shirazi, M., Yazdani, H. & Zarei-Matin, H. (2021). Providing a road map for the currentization of the organizational culture needed for digital transformation with a hybrid approach, Organizational Behavior Studies Quarterly, 10(3), 1-21. (in Persian)

    Sinha, A., Pedada, K., Purkayastha, A. (2022). Digital Transformation as Disruptive Strategy, California Management Review. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/360453669.

    Sivaraman, A. (2020). Soft Side of Digital Transformation: The Connected Employee. Journal of Human Resources Management, 7(1), 121–128. DOI:10.1177/2322093720919336.

    Sklyarov, K., Vorotyntseva, A., Komyshova, L. (2020). Methods of digital transformation of the educational environment of agricultural universities, E3S Web of Conferences 175, 15001-15010. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017515001.

    Sow, M., Aborbie, S. (2018). Impact of leadership on digital transformation. Business and Economic Research, 8(3), 139–148.

    Stalmachov, K., Chinoracky, R., Strenitzerova, M. (2022). Changes in Business Models Caused by Digital Transformation and the COVID-19 Pandemic and Possibilities of Their Measurement—Case Study. Sustainability, 14, 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010127.

    Talin,  B. (2021). Digitalization vs. Digital Transformation—What’s the Difference? Available online: https://morethandigital.info/ en/digitalization-vs-digital-transformation-whats-the-difference/ (accessed on 14 March 2021).

    Techbeacon, (2020). Digital transformation, fast forward: Time to adjust and accelerate. Retrieved from https://content.microfocus.com/.

    Tekic, Z. & Koroteev, D. (2019). From disruptively digital to proudly analog: A holistic typology of digital transformation strategies. Business Horizons, 62(6), 683-693.

    Tobgy, S., Kinley, Dorjid, S. (2022). Digital Transformation, Happiness, and Well-Being. Encyclopedia of Violence, Peace, & Conflict (3th ed.), https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820195-4.00028-5.

    Trofimova, L. & Morgan, W. J. (2020). The Digital Transformation of Russia, Grundfragen und Trends International. Weiterbildung, 6, 38-41. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 346469523.

    Tuukkanen, V., Wolgsjö, E., & Rusu, L. (2022). Cultural Values in Digital Transformation in a Small Company, Science Direct. Procedia Computer Science, 196, 3–12. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0).

    Vial, G. (2019) Understanding digital transformation: A review and a research agenda. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 28(2), 118–144.

    Voronin, D. M., Saienko, V. G. & Tolchieva, H. V. (2020). Digital Transformation of Pedagogical Education at the University, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. International Scientific Conference Digitalization of Education: History, Trends and Prospects (DETP 2020), 437.

    Wasono, L. W. & Furinto, A. (2018).  The effect of digital leadership and innovation management for incumbent telecommunication company in the digital disruptive era, International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (2.29), 125-130. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/325553764.

    Wigston, S. (2019). 3 Reasons Why Digital Transformation is About People, Not Technology, Retrieved from: www.eaglesflight.com: www.eaglesflight.com/blog/.

    Zaborovskaia, O., Nadezhina, O. & Avduevskaya, E. (2020). The Impact of Digitalization on the Formation of Human Capital at the Regional Level. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, MDPI, 6(4), 1-24.

    Zhang, J. & Hon, H.W. (2020). Towards responsible digital transformation. California Management Review, 63(2), https://cmr.berkeley.edu/2020/03/responsible-digitaltransformation

    Ziyani, M. and Tajbar, A. (2020). The influence of effective factors on gamification in the digital transformation of the organization's employees. Scientific journal of human resource management research, 12(1), 107-135. (in Persian)

Journal of Human Resource Management
Volume 13, Issue 1
Winter 2023
Pages 57-88

  • Receive Date 23 March 2023
  • Revise Date 20 April 2023
  • Accept Date 13 May 2023