Journal of Human Resource Management

Journal of Human Resource Management

Identifying Factors Affecting National Human Resources Management with Emphasis on Human Resources Challenges

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Rahmatollah Ghoulipour Souteh 1
Shabnam Zarjou 2
Heidar Najafi Rastaghi 3
1 Prof., Department of Business Strategy and Policy, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Public Policy and Administration, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
10.22034/jhrs.2024.202933
Abstract
Background & Purpose: Human resource management as a scientific and practical field is growing and developing amazingly, but due to various factors, it faces challenges that can turn it into pure opportunities and a competitive advantage in the case of correct and timely measures achieved. Such a function of human resources at the national and macro levels can become a platform for the economic progress and development of the country, thus, the purpose of the current research is to identify the factors affecting the management of national human resources with an emphasis on the challenges of human resources in three structural, contextual, and behavioral dimensions.
Methodology: The research method is based on library studies and using meta-synthesis method. The sampling method is purposeful and available sampling, and domestic and foreign scientific databases are also referred to in the collection databases. Among the internal databases, Magiran, Irandoc, ensani.ir, Noormags, and SID can be mentioned.  From the foreign databases, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Emerald sites were also examined. In the first step, based on the collection of previous studies, effective factors were extracted in the form of themes, then based on the meta-synthesis process in the framework of the three-pronged model, these factors were categorized in the three dimensions of structure, context and behavior.
Findings: According to the findings, the most important factors in the structural dimension include "architectural and structural maturity of human resources management", "amendment of processes and structures and laws of human resources policy at the national level", "reconstruction of social, economic and political structures related to human resources management in national level", "modification of education and empowerment structures at the national level"; and the most important factors in the context dimension include "state of development of the country", "maturity of innovation in human resources management systems", "globalization and internationalization of human resources", "cultural and contextual differences in countries", "participatory governance in human resources management", "technology and its role in human resource management" and the most important factors in the behavioral dimension include "attention to cultural and social components in the management of national human resources", "reconstruction of social attitudes, perceptions and behaviors in the management of national human resources", "attention to multinational components and ethnic differences", "the importance of leadership and networking in the management of national human resources" have been identified in the policy making process of national human resources.
Conclusion: The special achievement of the research, based on the review and analysis of previous studies, pointed out that in the design of the national human resources management system, it is necessary to pay special attention to structural components, contextual components, and behavioral components at the same time, and therefore, in accordance with the identification of these causes, solutions for the system management was provided. Moreover, the knowledge-building and practical contribution of the current research can be seen in considering the challenges of human resources at macro and national levels and from an institutional perspective.
Keywords
Human resource management
National human resource management
Human resource challenges
Government Organizations
Meta-synthesis method
Abbasiyan, E., Zarjou, Sh. & Hashemi, S.H. (2023), Identifying the effective factors of implementing the tourism policy in Guilan Province. Social Studies in Tourismm, 11 (24), 35-56. (in Persian)
Aguinis, H., Beltran, J. R. & Cope, A. (2024). How to use generative AI as a human resource management assistant. Organizational Dynamics, 53(1), 101029.
Al-Harthy, A., Lawless, A. & Mouzughi, Y. (2017). National HRD in Oman: A stakeholder perspective on the implementation of the national training programme. International Journal of Human Resource Development: Practice, Policy & Research, 2(2), 33-47.
Anthony, T. D., Kritsonis, W. A. & Herrington, D. E. (2007). An Analysis of Human Resource Management: Involving Administrative Leadership as a Means to Practical Applications--National Focus. Online Submission.
Anwar, G. & Abdullah, N. N. (2021). The impact of Human resource management practice on Organizational performance. International journal of Engineering, Business and Management (IJEBM), 5(1), 35-47.
Ardalan, O., Asgarzadeh, A. & Golsorkh, M. (2020). Challenges of management and human resources in the public sector: the application of mixed research. Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations, 2(4), 180-197. doi: 10.22034/qjimdo.2020.160624 (in Persian)
Budhwar, P. S. & Debrah, Y. (2001). Rethinking comparative and cross-national human resource management research. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(3), 497-515.
Budhwar, P. S. & Sparrow, P. R. (2002). An integrative framework for understanding cross-national human resource management practices. Human Resource Management Review, 12(3), 377-403.
Chang, C. C. & Chang, C. S. (2023). Influences of Talent Cultivation and Utilization on the National Human Resource Development System Performance: An International Study Using a Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis Model. Mathematics, 11(13), 2824.
Cooke, F. L. & Bartram, T. (2015). Guest editors’ introduction: Human resource management in health care and elderly care: Current challenges and toward a research agenda. Human Resource Management, 54(5), 711-735.
Cseh, M. & Manikoth, N. (2012). The future of human resource development: Shaping national human resource development policies in the global context. In University Forum of Human Resource Development, Portugal. doi: http://www.ufhrd.co.uk/wordpress.
Cunningham, P. W., Lynham, S. A. & Weatherly, G. (2006). National human resource development in transitioning societies in the developing world: South Africa. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8(1), 62-83.
Ebrahimi, H., Seyyednaghavi, M., Hosseinpour, D. & Ghorbanizadeh, V. (2024). Explaining the multi-level human resource development model in Iran's government organizations with a strategic flexibility approach. International Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Applications, 15(11), 217-230. doi: 10.22075/ijnaa.2023.32055.4785
Ekuma, K. (2019). Postcolonialism and national HRD: understanding contemporary challenges to skills development in sub-Saharan Africa. Human Resource Development International, 22(4), 321-342.
Farhi Bouzanjani, B. & Membini, Y. (2012). The Importance of Human Resources in National Production, Work and Society, (152), 19-31. (in Persian)
Garavan, T., Wang, J., Nolan, C., Lai, Y., O'Brien, F., Darcy, C., ... & McLean, G. (2023). Putting the individual and context back into national human resource development research: A systematic review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 25(1), 152-175.
Gerhart, B. & Fang, M. (2005). National culture and human resource management: assumptions and evidence. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(6), 971-986.
Gholipour, A. (2012). Human resources management (concepts, theories and applications), organization for the study and editing of university humanities books (SAMT). Humanities research and development center. (in Persian)
Gooderham, P., Nordhaug, O. & Ringdal, K. (2006). National embeddedness and calculative human resource management in US subsidiaries in Europe and Australia. Human Relations, 59(11), 1491-1513.
Haak-Saheem, W. & Festing, M. (2020). Human resource management–a national business system perspective. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(14), 1863-1890.
Hadizadeh Moghdam, A., Rezaeian, A., Yazdani, H. & Afrooz, D. (2023). The Model of Antecedents and Consequences of National Human Resources Development; A Meta-Study Approach. Journal of Public Administration, 15(3), 439-471. doi: 10.22059/jipa.2023.354978.3303 (in Persian)
Hajkazemi, M., Abooyee Ardakan, M., Mohammadesmaeili, N. & Kianie, M. (2024). Designing The Matrix of Transforming Organizational Values into Cultural Artifacts by Design Science Research. Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 1-33. doi: 10.22034/jhrs.2024.195961 (in Persian)
Hasler, M. G., Thompson, M. D. & Schuler, M. (2006). National human resource development in transitioning societies in the developing world: Brazil. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8(1), 99-115.
Hosseini, A., Ghafoori, Z. & Mohammadi, H. (2023). The Conceptual Framework of Competency-Based Training with a Meta-Synthesis Approach. Applied Educational Leadership, 4(4), 165-186. doi: 10.22098/ael.2024.14053.1375 (in Persian)
Huda, K. N. (2020). Stakeholders' Engagement in Youth's Organizations for National Human Resource Development: A Study on Bangladesh National Cadet Corps. Journal of Management, 7(4), 11-22.
Jackson, T. (2004). HRM in developing countries. International human resource management, 49(1), 221-248.
Johnson, K. R. & Bartlett, K. R. (2013). The role of tourism in national human resource development: a Jamaican perspective. Human Resource Development International, 16(2), 205-219.
Kamali, Y. (2017). The Methodlogy of OF Meta Synthesis and Implications for Public Policy. Political Quarterly, 47(3), 721-736. doi: 10.22059/jpq.2017.62861 (in Persian)
Kim, S. B. & Lee, Y. H. (2009). A comparative study of national human resource development plan implementation systems in Korea, the United States, and Japan. Journal of Policy Studies, 23(2), 171-188.
Konrad, A. M. & Deckop, J. (2001). Human resource management trends in the USA‐Challenges in the midst of prosperity. International Journal of Manpower, 22(3), 269-278.
Kopp, R. (1994). International human resource policies and practices in Japanese, European, and United States multinationals. Human Resource Management, 33(4), 581-599.
Krishnaswamy, J. & Mostafiz, I. (2019). Challenges of Human Resource Leaders: A conceptualized research model. Researchgate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication /331431851.
Lockhart, P., Shahani, N. K. & Bhanugopan, R. (2020). Do organisational culture and national culture mediate the relationship between high-performance human resource management practices and organisational citizenship behaviour? International Journal of Manpower, 41(8), 1179-1197.
Lynham, S. A. & Cunningham, P. W. (2006). National human resource development in transitioning societies in the developing world: Concept and challenges. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8(1), 116-135.
Mahmood, M. & Nurul Absar, M. M. (2015). Human resource management practices in Bangladesh: Current scenario and future challenges. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 2(2), 171-188.
McLean, G. N. (2006). National human resource development: A focused study in transitioning societies in the developing world. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 8(1), 3-11.
Mirzaei Ahranjani, H. (1998). Analysis of factors affecting work conscience and social discipline in the organization. Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Qazvin branch. (in Persian)
Moazen Alavi, S. M., Tabarsa, G. & Khorshidi, G. (2020). Designing A National Model for Human Resource Development. JMDP, 33(2), 155-192. (in Persian)
Moshabaki Esfahani, A., Noori, D. & Zarjou, S. (2022). Assessing the health of customer relationship management system in Ayandeh Bank branches (west of the country) using a three-pronged pathology model. Commercial Strategies, 18(18), 87-109. doi: 10.22070/cs.2022.15950.1213 (in Persian)
Murray, W. C., Elliot, S., Simmonds, K., Madeley, D. & Taller, M. (2017). Human resource challenges in Canada’s hospitality and tourism industry: Finding innovative solutions. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 9(4), 391-401.
Mutamba, C. (2014). World Bank Education Policy and Human Resource Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Online Submission.
Naghizadeh, R., Elahi, S., Manteghi, M. & Ghazinoory, S. S. (2015). The Meta-Synthesis of Regional Innovation Models: A Review of 1990–2013. Innovation Management Journal, 3(4), 25-56. (in Persian)
Nasir, S. Z. (2017). Emerging challenges of HRM in 21st century: A theoretical analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(3), 216-223.
Okpara, J. O. & Wynn, P. (2007). Human resource management practices in a transition economy: Challenges and prospects. Management Research News, 31(1), 57-76.
Paik, Y., Vance, C. M. & Stage, H. D. (1996). The extent of divergence in human resource practice across three Chinese national cultures: Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Human Resource Management Journal, 6(2), 20-31.
Pinns, R, (2009). Management for public and nonprofit organizations: A strategic approach, Jossey-Bass. Public Administration Review (65), 109 – 116.
Poole, M. & Jenkins, G. (1998). Human resource management and the theory of rewards: evidence from a national survey. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 36(2), 227-247.
Pourezat, A. A. & Taheri Attar, Gh. (2016). Organization and structure design, organization of study and compilation of humanities books of universities (SAMT). Humanities research and development center. (in Persian)
Pourezzat, A.A. (2016). Illustration from the Faculty of Government, Administration of Government Organizations, 4(2), 143-152. (in Persian)
Quintanilla, J. & Ferner, A. (2003). Multinationals and human resource management: between global convergence and national identity. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(3), 363-368.
Ramachandran, S. & Sharma, D. (2019). Analysis of Challenges Facing Human Resources Management in Current Scenario. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 8, 159-161.
Rao, T. V. (2004). Human resource development as national policy in India. Advances in developing human resources, 6(3), 288-296.
Saadat, E. (2012). Human Resources Management, Humanities Research and Development Organization of Universities (SAMT), Humanities Research and Development Center.
(in Persian)
Sadeqi Fasai, S. & Erfanmanesh, I. (2015). Methodological Principles of Documentary Research in Social Sciences; Case of Study: Impacts of Modernization on Iranian Family. Strategy for Culture, 8(29), 61-91. (in Persian)
Samarin, I. A. & Al-Asfour, A. A. (2023). National human resource development in transitioning societies: The case of Saudi Arabia. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 35(1), 20-31.
Sandelowski, M., Barros, J. (2007). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research, Springer publishing company Inc.
Schneider, S. C. (1988). National vs. corporate culture: Implications for human resource management. Human resource management, 27(2), 231-246.
Scullion, H., Collings, D. G. & Gunnigle, P. (2007). International human resource management in the 21st century: emerging themes and contemporary debates. Human Resource management journal, 17(4), 309-319.
Sebola, M. P. (2023). South Africa’s public higher education institutions, university research outputs, and contribution to national human capital. Human Resource Development International, 26(2), 217-231.
Selden, S. C., Ingraham, P. W. & Jacobson, W. (2001). Human resource practices in state government: Findings from a national survey. Public administration review, 61(5), 598-607.
Shojaei, S. S., Jamali, G. & Manteghi, N. (2016). Identification of the Effective Elements on Human Resource Productivity. Journal of Research in Human Resources Management, 8(2), 161-181. (in Persian)
Stone, D. L. & Deadrick, D. L. (2015). Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management. Human Resource Management Review, 25(2), 139-145.
Thite, M. (2013). Ethics and human resource management and development in a global context: case study of an Indian multinational. Human Resource Development International, 16(1), 106-115.
Wöcke, A., Bendixen, M. & Rijamampianina, R. (2007). Building flexibility into multi-national human resource strategy: a study of four South African multi-national enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 18(5), 829-844.
Yazdani, H. R., Zare, H. & Hadpour Seraj, M. (2021). Providing a Framework for Outsourcing Management of Human Resource Processes: Meta Synthesis. Journal of Human Resource Management, 11(1), 26-53. doi: 10.22034/jhrs.2021.257003.1537 (in Persian)
Yazdanshenas, M., Dahghanan, H., Mahmoodzadeh, S. M. & DRabbaghipour, M. (2024). A Pattern for Top Management Influence on Human Resource Management Practices: A Meta-Synthesis Approach. Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 34-63. doi: 10.22034/jhrs.2024.195962 (in Persian)
Zarjou, S. & Porezzat, A. A. (2024). Examining the Role of Social Capital Components on Explaining Organizational Pessimism. Public Management Researches, 17(63), 33-64. doi: 10.22111/jmr.2024.42159.5776 (in Persian)
Zereatkar, S., Rajabi Farjad, H. & Naqashzadeh, S. (2020). Identifying the challenges of human resource management in the public sector and its impact on productivity. Human resource management research, 12(4), 197-224. (in Persian)
Journal of Human Resource Management
Volume 14, Issue 2
Spring 2024
Pages 29-55

  • Receive Date 29 December 2023
  • Revise Date 01 May 2024
  • Accept Date 24 May 2024