مروری نظام‌مند بر پیشایندها و پیامدهای تعارض کار و خانواده به‌عنوان سازه‌ای دوساحتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت، دانشگاه هوایی شهید ستاری، تهران، ایران.

3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشکدگان تهران، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

10.22034/jhrs.2024.191520

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: موضوع تعارض کار ـ  خانواده در سازمان‌های امروزین، بسیار در کانون توجه قرار گرفته است؛ زیرا بر موفقیت سازمانی و زندگی شخصی کارکنان تأثیر می‌گذارد. مطالعات این حوزه به دو ساحتی بودن آن تأکید دارند: تعارض کار با خانواده و تعارض خانواده با کار. از این رو پژوهش حاضر، به‌دنبال شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر بروز و پیامدهای ناشی از هر دو ساحت این تعارض است.
روش: این پژوهش تفسیرگرایانه از روش مرور نظام‌مند ادبیات، برای پاسخ به پرسش اصلی پژوهش استفاده کرده است. منابع اطلاعاتی آن مشتمل است بر مقاله‌های مرتبطی که در پایگاه‌های علمی معتبر بین‌المللی، از سال ۱۹۹۲ تا ۲۰۲۳ منتشر شده‌اند. این مقاله‌ها بر اساس معیارهای پذیرش به فرایند مرور نظام‌مند وارد شدند و در نهایت، پس از ارزیابی کیفیت آن‌ها بر اساس شاخص‌های کیو و اچ ایندکس نشریه‌ها، ۹۱ مقاله با استفاده از روش کدگذاری تحلیل شد.
یافته‌ها: پیشایندهای شناسایی‌شده تعارض کار ـ خانواده، در چهار دسته پیشایندهای ماهیتی شغل، پیشایندهای زمان‌محور شغل، پیشایندهای مربوط به الزامات و محیط کاری و فشار اجتماعی شغل قرار طبقه‌بندی شدند که به بروز دو دسته پیامد منجر می‌شوند: تضعیف ایفای نقش خانوادگی و تضعیف کیفیت زندگی خانوادگی. پیشایندهای مؤثر بر تعارض خانواده ـ کار نیز در سه دسته طبقه‌بندی شدند: وضعیت خانوادگی شاغل، پیشایندهای خانوادگی نقش‌محور و فشار اجتماعی خانواده. پیامدهای ناشی از این پیشایندها نیز عبارت‌اند از: پیامدهای شغلی روان‌شناختی، پیامدهای شغلی رفتارمحور و پیامدهای شغلی عملکردمحور.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش به مدیران و سازمان‌ها کمک می‌کند تا پیشایندها و پیامدهای مرتبط با هر دو ساحت تعارض را بهتر درک و شناسایی کنند و بتوانند برای رفع مسائل و مشکلات زندگی کاری و خانوادگی کارکنان، گام‌های مؤثری بردارند. از سویی دیگر، یافته‌های این مطالعه با تجمیع یافته‌های مطالعات پیشین، به ارتقای غنای دانش موجود در این زمینه یاری رسانده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Systematic Review of the Antecedents and Consequences of Work and Family Conflict as a Two-Dimensional Construct

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Ahmadi 1
  • Naser Asgari 2
  • Maryam Sufiabadi 3
1 PhD Candidate, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Allameh Tabataba'I University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management, Shahid Sattari Aviation University, Tehran, Iran.
3 MSc. Student, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, Faculty of Public Administration and Organizational Sciences, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background & Purpose: The issue of work-family conflict has received much attention in today's organizations, because it affects the organizational success and the personal life of employees. Studies in this field emphasize its two-dimensionality: work family conflict (WFC) and family- work conflict (FWC). Therefore, the research seeks to identify the affecting factors and consequences of both of the conflicts.
Methodology: This interpretive research has used the systematic literature review (SLR) method to answer the main research question. Its information sources include related articles that have been published in international scientific databases from 1992 to 2023 and entered the systematic review process based on acceptance criteria. Finally, after evaluating their quality based on Q and H indexes of publications, 91 articles were analyzed using coding method.
Findings: The identified antecedents of work-family conflict were classified into four categories: nature of job, time-related antecedents of the job, job requirements and work conditions, and social pressure of the job, which lead to two categories of consequences: weakening of the family role and Weakening the quality of family life. The antecedents affecting family-work conflict are also classified into three categories: family status of employees, role-oriented family antecedents, and family social pressure. The consequences of these antecedents include: psychological job consequences, behavior-oriented job consequences, and performance-oriented job consequences.
Conclusion: The findings of this research can help managers and organizations to better understand the antecedents and consequences related to both areas of the conflict so that they can effectively take steps to solve the problems of the working and family life of employees. Additionally, the findings of this study, by integratingng the findings of previous studies, have helped to improve the richness of existing knowledge in this field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Work-family conflict
  • Family-work conflict
  • Systematic literature review
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