مطالعات منابع انسانی

مطالعات منابع انسانی

بازشناسی شایستگی‌های شخصیتی کارآفرینان با رویکرد فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی و کسب‌وکار، دانشکدۀ مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت و حسابداری، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، ایران.
3 دانشیار، گروه کارآفرینی فناورانه، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
4 استاد، گروه خط‌مشی و اداره امور عمومی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
5 دانشیار، گروه آموزشی رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
10.22034/jhrs.2024.471249.2277
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: ویژگی‌های شخصیتی کارآفرینان، یکی از عوامل کلیدی موفقیت آن‌ها در مواجهه با چالش‌ها و بهره‌برداری از فرصت‌هاست؛ با این حال، تاکنون چارچوب جامعی برای شناسایی و طبقه‌بندی این ویژگی‌ها، به‌عنوان شایستگی‌های کارآفرینی تدوین نشده است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف پُر کردن این شکاف، به مرور و طبقه‌بندی نظام‌مند ویژگی‌های شخصیتی به عنوان شایستگی‌های کارآفرینی پرداخته و تلاش کرده است تا چارچوبی جامع ارائه دهد.
روش: این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و به‌شیوه اسنادی انجام شده است. ۶۰ منبع از پایگاه‌های وب آو ساینس، اسکوپوس و گوگل اسکالر که بین سال‌های ۲۰۱۰ تا ۲۰۲۴ منتشر شده‌اند، بررسی و تحلیل شده‌اند. از روش فراترکیب و تحلیل محتوای کیفی برای ترکیب و تحلیل داده‌ها استفاده شد. شاخص کاپای کوهن با مقدار 851/0 نشان‌دهندۀ توافق زیاد تحلیلگران در طبقه‌بندی مضامین است.
یافته‌ها: ویژگی‌های شخصیتی شناسایی‌شده به‌عنوان شایستگی‌های کارآفرینی عبارت‌اند از: انگیزاننده (پیشرفت‌گرایی، استقلال‌طلبی، قدرت‌طلبی، رقابت‌طلبی، ریسک‌پذیری)، پویایی و اشتیاق (خودانگیختگی، انرژی و شور، اعتمادبه‌نفس، خودپندارۀ مثبت، خوش‌بینی، پیشگامی، اشتیاق به یادگیری)، مسئولیت‌پذیری (پشتکار، تعهد، عملگرایی)، پایداری (استقامت، مرکز کنترل درونی، تاب‌آوری)، انعطاف‌پذیری (تطبیق‌پذیری، پذیرش تجربیات جدید) و شناختی (کنجکاوی، خلاقیت، تحمل ابهام، دوراندیشی).
نتیجه‌گیری: این پژوهش با ارائۀ یک چارچوب جامع از شایستگی‌های شخصیتی کارآفرینان، به دانش موجود افزوده است. این چارچوب می‌تواند مبنایی برای تحقیقات آینده و طراحی برنامه‌های آموزشی و حمایتی برای کارآفرینان باشد. با توجه به شایستگی‌های شناسایی‌شده، سیاست‌گذاران و نهادهای آموزشی می‌توانند برنامه‌هایی هدفمند برای تقویت این شایستگی‌ها تدوین کنند که به بهبود عملکرد و افزایش احتمال موفقیت کارآفرینان منجر شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Re-Identification Entrepreneurial Personality Competencies through a Meta-Synthesis Approach

نویسندگان English

Azadeh Soleimaninejad 1
Hasan Zarei Metin 2
Seyed Reza Hejazi 3
Seyed Mohammad Moghimi 4
Hamidreza Yazdani 5
1 . Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Business Management and Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi College, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Prof., Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Accounting, Farabi College, University of Tehran, Tehran. Iran.
3 Associate Prof., Department of Tech-Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
4 Prof., Department of Policy and Public Affairs Administration, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Department of Leadership and Human Capital, College of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Background & Purpose: The personality traits of entrepreneurs play a critical role in their ability to face challenges and capitalize on opportunities. Despite the importance of this subject, a comprehensive framework for identifying and categorizing these traits as entrepreneurial competencies has not yet been developed. While many previous studies have explored some of these traits, the lack of a coherent framework encompassing all aspects of personality-based competencies is evident. This study aims to fill this gap by systematically reviewing and categorizing personality traits as entrepreneurial competencies and striving to present a comprehensive framework for these traits.
Methodology: This fundamental research was conducted using a qualitative approach and a documentary method. Sixty English-language sources from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, published between 2010 and 2024, were reviewed and analyzed. The meta-synthesis method and qualitative content analysis were used to collect and analyze the data. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient, with a value of 0.851, indicated a high level of agreement among analysts in categorizing the themes.
Findings: The identified personality traits as entrepreneurial competencies in this study include: Motivational Traits (achievement orientation, independence, power orientation, competitiveness, risk-taking), Dynamic and Enthusiastic Traits (self-motivation, energy and enthusiasm, self-confidence, positive self-concept, optimism, proactiveness, eagerness to learn), Responsibility Traits (perseverance, commitment, pragmatism), Resilience Traits (endurance, internal locus of control, resilience), Flexibility Traits (adaptability, acceptance of new experiences), and Cognitive Traits (curiosity, creativity, tolerance for ambiguity, foresight). The Cohen’s kappa coefficient based on the comparison of the scores given by analysts was 0.851, indicating a high level of agreement among them.
Conclusion: This research has contributed to the field of entrepreneurship in both theoretical and practical ways. Theoretically, by providing a comprehensive framework of entrepreneurial personality competencies, it has enriched the existing knowledge in this field. By categorizing personality traits into six main dimensions (Motivational, Dynamic, Responsibility, Resilience, Flexibility, and Cognitive), this study presents a holistic and coherent picture of the essential competencies for entrepreneurs, providing a basis for future research in this area. Practically, the findings of this study can aid in designing and developing educational and support programs for entrepreneurs. Given the identified traits, policymakers and educational institutions can develop targeted programs to strengthen these competencies, leading to improved performance and a higher likelihood of entrepreneurial success.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

: Entrepreneurial competency
Entrepreneur
Personality Traits
Meta-synthesis
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دوره 14، شماره 4
زمستان 1403
صفحه 1-32

  • تاریخ دریافت 18 اردیبهشت 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 17 مهر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 21 آبان 1403