ارائه چارچوب وظایف مدیر ارشد دیجیتال به‌عنوان حکمران تحول دیجیتال در سازمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: پیدایش مفهوم تحول دیجیتال، به‌معنای ایجاد تغییرات اساسی در رویکردهای تولید و ارائه محصول یا خدمت، چند سالی است که زمینه‌ساز اقدام‌های نوینی در صنایع مختلف شده است. مدیر ارشد دیجیتال، به‌عنوان حکمران و پیش‌برنده اهداف تحول دیجیتال در سازمان، نقشی است که برای موفقیت برنامه‌های تحول دیجیتال در سازمان ایجاد شده است؛ اما چارچوب مدونی برای وظایف وی وجود ندارد. این پژوهش، به‌دنبال ارائۀ چارچوبی برای وظایف این مدیران در سازمان است.
روش: این مقاله با هدف ارائه چارچوبی برای وظایف مدیر ارشد دیجیتال، از استراتژی دو مرحله‌ای برای تبیین چارچوب وظایف بهره جسته است. در گام اول با استفاده از روش فراترکیب، 198 مقاله در این حوزه استخراج شد و پس از ایجاد چارچوب وظایف اولیه از 18 مقاله نهایی، با هدف اصلاح و تکمیل چارچوب، طی مصاحبه با 8 خبره حوزه تحول دیجیتال از صنایع مختلف، چارچوب نهایی تدوین شد.
یافته‌ها: پس از اتمام مراحل فراترکیب و مصاحبه با خبرگان، چارچوبی متشکل از 12 وظیفه کلان و 73 وظیفه خرد برای مدیر ارشد دیجیتال در سه حوزه کلان «طرح‌ریزی و هدایت تحول دیجیتال»، «هماهنگی و هم‌نواسازی اقدام‌های تحول دیجیتال» و «پایش محیطی و شبکه‌سازی اکوسیستم تحول دیجیتال» ارائه شده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: تحقق اهداف تحولی در سازمان، مهم‌ترین وظیفه مدیر ارشد دیجیتال است. به‌کمک چارچوب وظایف ارائه شده در این مقاله، نقشه راهی در برابر مدیران ارشد دیجیتال قرار گرفته تا با بهره‌گیری از آن، سفر دیجیتال سازمان را مدیریت کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Defining a Framework for Chief Digital Officer Duties as Digital Transformation Governor in Organizations

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Mahdi HosseiniNasab 1
  • Mehdi ShamiZanjani 2
  • Arian Gholipor 3
1 MSc., Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Prof., Department of Information Technology Management, Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
3 Prof., Faculty of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background & Purpose: Digital technologies have introduced the organization to both opportunities and threats. Digital transformation is comprised of various activities that lead organizations to implement fundamentally changed approaches to working and disrupting their business models. Governing and management of these initiatives require a new position in the organization chart. Many companies dubbed this role as a Chief Digital Officer (CDO). CDOs have become the executive force for organizational transformation and using technologies to reimagine business core. Although this role is necessary for this change, there is not an all-around description of this role.
Methodology: In this paper, a two-step method is used for gathering data needed and consequently generating a framework. Firstly, a meta-synthesis method was used to create a framework for the roles of CDOs. through expert interviews, the framework was adjusted and completed. After analyzing over 190 articles about this matter and interviewing 8 digital transformation experts in 5 different industries, the framework was introduced.
Findings: The proposed framework for CDO duties has 3 layers, 12 main duties, and 73 detailed duties in 3 main categories of “planning and directing”, “orchestrating” and “networking and external monitoring”. Each category has 2 more levels of detailed objectives and responsibilities.
Conclusion: The framework proposed in this paper is a 3-layer framework and it can guide Chief digital officers to not only know their responsibilities but with the help of this framework, they can get a clear idea of what their organization’s digital transformation strategy and implementation should look like.
Methodology: In this paper, a two-step method is used for gathering data needed and consequently generating a framework. Firstly, a meta-synthesis method was used to create a framework for the roles of CDOs. through expert interviews, the framework was adjusted and completed. After analyzing over 190 articles about this matter and interviewing 8 digital transformation experts in 5 different industries, the framework was introduced.
Findings: The proposed framework for CDO duties has 3 layers, 12 main duties, and 73 detailed duties in 3 main categories of “planning and directing”, “orchestrating” and “networking and external monitoring”. Each category has 2 more levels of detailed objectives and responsibilities.
Conclusion: the framework proposed in this paper is a 3-layer framework and it can guide Chief digital officers to not only know their responsibilities but with the help of this framework, they can get a clear idea of what their organization’s digital transformation strategy and implementation should look like.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Digital Transformation
  • Digital Transformation Governance
  • Chief Digital Officer
  • Duty Framework
  • Digital HR
 هومن، حیدر علی (1394). راهنمای عملی پژوهش کیفی. تهران، سمت.
Axelos. (2019). ITIL® Foundation, ITIL 4 Edition. John Wiley & Sons. AXELOS
Becker, W., Schmid, O., & Botzkowski, T. (2018, January). Role of CDOs in the Digital Transformation of SMEs and LSEs-An Empirical Analysis. In Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Brett, J. (2019). Becoming a Digital Leader. In: Evolving Digital Leadership. Apress,  Berkeley, CA.
Bygstad, B., Aanby, H. P., & Iden, J. (2017, August). Leading digital transformation: The Scandinavian way. In Scandinavian Conference on Information Systems (pp. 1-14). Springer, Cham.
Capitani, G. (2018). CIO’s: Drivers or Followers of Digital Transformation?. In CIOs and the Digital Transformation (pp. 69-83). Springer, Cham.
Chisambara, P. (2017). Digital Transformation: Three Skills Demand Managers Must Have. Journal of Business Forecasting, 36(4).
Creswell, J. W., & Miller, D. L. (2000). Determining validity in qualitative inquiry. Theory into practice, 39(3), 124-130.
DeLone, W., Migliorati, D., & Vaia, G. (2018). Digital IT governance. In CIOs and the Digital Transformation (pp. 205-230). Springer, Cham.
Doonan, M. (2018). So you’ve just hired a killer chief digital officer–now what?. Strategic HR Review, 17(1), 17-22.
Graham-Harrison, E., Cadwalladr, C. (2018). Revealed: 50 million Facebook profiles harvested for Cambridge Analytica in major data breach. the Guardian. Archived from the original on March 18, 2018.
Haffke, I., Kalgovas, B. J., & Benlian, A. (2016). The Role of the CIO and the CDO in an Organization’s Digital Transformation. Thirty Seventh International Conference on Information Systems, Dublin 2016.
Homan, H.A. (2015). Qualitative research practical guide. Tehran, SAMT publication.
(in Persian)
Horlacher, A. (2016, June). Co-Creating Value-the Dyadic CDO-CIO Relationship during the Digital Transformation. In ECIS (pp. Research-in).
Horlacher, A. A., Klarner, P. P., & Hess, T. T. (2016). Crossing boundaries: Organization design parameters surrounding CDOs and their digital transformation activities. 22nd Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS),  San Diego, United States.
Horlacher, A., & Hess, T. (2016, January). What does a Chief Digital Officer do? Managerial tasks and roles of a new C-level position in the context of digital transformation. In 2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) (pp. 5126-5135). IEEE.
Kreutzer, R. T., Neugebauer, T., Pattloch, A., Kreutzer, R. T., Neugebauer, T., & Pattloch, A. (2018). Eight Areas of Action to Build a Digital Business Leadership. Management for Professionals, in: Digital Business Leadership, chapter 2, pages 43-196, Springer.
Lang, D., & Rumsey, C. (2018). Business Disruption is here to stay-what shoud leaders do. Quality-Access to Success. 19(3), 35-42.
Locoro, A., & Ravarini, A. (2019). The CIO and CDO Socio-technical Roles in the Age of Digital Business Transformation: An Interpretive Study. In Organizing for the Digital World (pp. 235-245). Springer, Cham.
Maffè, C. A. C. (2018). Future of the CIO: Towards an Enterpreneurial Role. In CIOs and the Digital Transformation (pp. 61-68). Springer, Cham.
Mahidhar, V. & Schatsky, D. (2014). The dual roles of the CIO in the digital age. Deloitte University Press.
Mergel, I., Edelmann, N., & Haug, N. (2019). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101384.
Péladeau, P., Herzog, M. & Acker, O. (2016). The 2016 Chief Digital Officer (CDO) Study. Strategy &, PWC.
Rolls, J. (1995). Leading organizational transformation: The nine characteristics of transformational leaders.
Scott, D., Schawartz, I. & Schawartz, A. (2017). What the Best Transformational Leaders Do. Boston. Harvard Business Publishing.
Singh, A., & Hess, T. (2017). How Chief Digital Officers Promote the Digital Transformation of their Companies. MIS Quarterly Executive, 16(1), 1-17.
Tahvanainen, S., & Luoma, E. (2018). Examining the Competencies of the Chief Digital Officer.  Proceedings of the 24th Americas Conference on Information Systems.
Tumbas, S., Berente, N., & Brocke, J. V. (2018). Digital innovation and institutional entrepreneurship: Chief Digital Officer perspectives of their emerging role. Journal of Information Technology, 33(3), 188-202.
Tumbas, S., Berente, N., & vom Brocke, J. (2017). Three Types of Chief Digital Officers and the Reasons Organizations Adopt the Role. MIS Quarterly Executive, 16(2), 121-124.
Weill, P., & Woerner, S. L. (2013). The Future of the CIO in a Digital Economy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 12(2), 65-75.
Westerman, G., Calméjane, C., Bonnet, D., Ferraris, P., McAfee, A. (2011). Digital Transformation: a roadmap for billion-dollar organizations. MIT-CDB and Capgemini Consulting.
Westerman, G. (2013). Should Your CIO Be Chief Digital Officer? Boston. Harvard Business Publishing.
Westerman, G., Bonnet, D., & McAfee, A. (2014). Leading digital: Turning technology into business transformation. Harvard Business Press.